Larry Page and Sergey Brin

Just like Paul McCartney, who says he literally dreamed the melody to "Yesterday," one of the most covered songs in the history of recorded music, Larry Page recalls the night in 1996 when he was 23 years old and had vividly dreamed about downloading the entire web onto computers.

"I grabbed a pen and started writing," says Google co-founder and CEO Page.

For the first time ever, in the final three months of 2011, Google exceeded $10 billion in quarterly revenue.

Every day people around the world now use Google for an astounding 2.5 billion searches.

But in all the gee-whiz statistics one could cite about the ubiquity of the company on the web, one statistic is even more telling: Page, 39, and co-founder Sergey Brin, 38, have spent $11.8 billion on research and development in the past three years.

But in all the gee-whiz statistics one could cite about the ubiquity of the company on the web, one statistic is even more telling: Page, 39, and co-founder Sergey Brin, 38, have spent $11.8 billion on research and development in the past three years.

That money fuels an innovation machine second to none, one that has moved Google well beyond its dominating lead in the search engine business.

Staying innovative while scaling into a behemoth organization is often the most difficult passage for any growth company.

Staying innovative while scaling into a behemoth organization is often the most difficult passage for any growth company.

"About 70% try to work on the core efforts of the company," explains Brin, "about 20% goes to adjacent areas and expansion, and for the 10%, anything goes.

"About 70% try to work on the core efforts of the company," explains Brin, "about 20% goes to adjacent areas and expansion, and for the 10%, anything goes.