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  1. recessive allele
    an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
    On the other hand, a recessive allele will be expressed only if there are two identical copies of that allele, or for a male, if one copy is present on the X chromosome.
  2. linked genes
    any pair of genes that tend to be transmitted together
    There are at least a dozen Y-linked genes, in addition to those that code for masculine physical traits.
  3. dominant allele
    an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
    The Nature of Alleles

    A dominant allele is an allele that is almost always expressed, even if only one copy is present.
  4. organelle
    a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
    Organelle DNA

    Not all genetic information is found in nuclear DNA.
  5. allele
    any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus
    Methylation also plays an important role in genomic imprinting, which occurs when both maternal and paternal alleles are present but only one allele is expressed while the other remains inactive.
  6. phenotype
    observable characteristics produced by genes and environment
    When two individuals display different phenotypes of the same trait, they are said to have two different alleles for the same gene.
  7. phenotypic
    of or relating to or constituting a phenotype
    These expressed, or phenotypic, traits are attributable to genotypic variation in a person's DNA sequence.
  8. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    Meiosis is the mode of cell replication for the formation of sperm and egg cells in plants, animals, and many other multicellular life forms.
  9. gamete
    a mature sexual reproductive cell
    This is because mitochondria are only found in the female gametes or "eggs" of sexually reproducing animals, not in the male gamete, or sperm.
  10. amino acid
    organic compounds containing an amino group and acid group
    Proteins are long chains containing as many as 20 different kinds of amino acids.
  11. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    In 1909, Danish botanist Wilhelm Johanssen coined the word gene for the hereditary unit found on a chromosome.
  12. daughter cell
    a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
    The centromere, shown at the center of this chromosome, is a specialized structure that appears during cell division and ensures the correct distribution of duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells.
Created on 十月 19, 2012

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