mideast test

Dan Z.
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  1. Ayatollah Khomeini
    Iranian religious leader of the Shiites
    Which type of government was established by
    Ayatollah Khomeini as a result of the Iranian
    Revolution in 1979?
    1) constitutional monarchy
    2) fundamentalist Islamic state
    3) democratic republic
    4) radical Marxist regime
    21.
  2. ayatollah
    a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well
    Which type of government was established by
    Ayatollah Khomeini as a result of the Iranian
    Revolution in 1979?
    1) constitutional monarchy
    2) fundamentalist Islamic state
    3) democratic republic
    4) radical Marxist regime
    21.
  3. PLO
    a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine; when formed in 1964 it was a terrorist organization dominated by Yasser Arafat's al-Fatah; in 1968 Arafat became chairman; received recognition by the United Nations and by Arab states in 1974 as a government in exile; has played a largely political role since the creation of the Palestine National Authority
    The illustration would most likely have been
    used to support
    1) negotiations between the Israeli Government
    and the Palestine Liberation Organization
    (PLO)
    2) the formation of agricultural cooperatives on
    the West Bank
    3) the creation of an Arab Palestinian state
    hostile to Israel
    4) continued Israeli occupation and settlement
    of the Gaza Strip and West Bank
    30.
  4. fundamentalism
    the interpretation of sacred texts as literal truth
    The main cause of the Arab-Israeli conflicts
    from 1948 to 1973 was the clash between
    1) Islamic fundamentalism and Orthodox
    Judaism
    2) Arab socialism and Israeli capitalism
    3) Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism
    4) Israeli technology and Saudi-Arabian
    economic goals
    12.
  5. Strait of Hormuz
    a strategically important strait linking the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman
    The Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, and the
    Suez Canal are strategically important because
    they are
    1) under the control of Communist nations
    2) at the center of the worlds major illegal drug
    trade
    3) the cause of friction between Israel and its
    Arab neighbors
    4) trade routes for petroleum exports to nations
    around the world
    3.
  6. traditionalism
    strict adherence to traditional methods or teachings
    In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise
    of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
    1) an increase in women’s rights
    2) tension between traditionalism and
    modernization to continue
    3) foreign control of natural resources to expand
    4) the introduction of a communist form of
    government
    23.
  7. Zionism
    a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine
    The Balfour Declaration of 1917 encouraged
    Zionism by
    1) ordering the withdrawal of the British from
    Palestine
    2) supporting the creation of a Jewish
    homeland in Palestine
    3) dividing Palestine into separate areas for
    Jews and Christians
    4) granting national independence to Palestine
    11.
  8. Gaza Strip
    a coastal region at the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean bordering Israel and Egypt
    The 1979 signing of the Camp David accords
    led directly to
    1) the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister
    Menachem Begin
    2) Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and
    Gaza Strip
    3) a military alliance between Arab nations
    4) a formal peace agreement between Egypt
    and Israel
    6.
  9. Diaspora
    the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
    The movement started by journalist Theodor
    Herzl to promote an independent Jewish state in
    Palestine is referred to as
    1) the Reconquista
    2) the Diaspora
    3) Utopianism
    4) Zionism
    Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the
    cartoon below and on your knowledge of social
    studies.
    15.
  10. Palestinian
    of or relating to the area of Palestine and its inhabitants
    The 1979 signing of the Camp David accords
    led directly to
    1) the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister
    Menachem Begin
    2) Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and
    Gaza Strip
    3) a military alliance between Arab nations
    4) a formal peace agreement between Egypt
    and Israel
    6.
  11. West Bank
    an area between Israel and Jordan on the west bank of the Jordan river; populated largely by Palestinians
    The 1979 signing of the Camp David accords
    led directly to
    1) the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister
    Menachem Begin
    2) Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and
    Gaza Strip
    3) a military alliance between Arab nations
    4) a formal peace agreement between Egypt
    and Israel
    6.
  12. stranglehold
    a wrestling move that compresses the opponent's windpipe
    This 1994 cartoon suggests that peace in the
    Middle East will
    1) never be achieved
    2) put a stranglehold on the region's politics
    3) occur only with the assistance of the United
    States
    4) be accomplished only through negotiation
    and compromise
    29.
  13. humanitarianism
    the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
    — Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet
    Which concept is supported by the ideas
    expressed in this passage?
    1) socialism
    2) absolutism
    3) humanitarianism
    4) nationalism
    13.
  14. freedom fighter
    a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
    "One person's terrorist is another's freedom
    fighter    ."
  15. Shiite
    a member of one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam
    The primary goal of the Palestine Liberation
    Organization (PLO) has been to
    1) establish an independent state for Palestinian
    Arabs
    2) settle disputes between Shiite and Sunni
    Muslims
    3) control the Organization of Petroleum
    Exporting Countries (OPEC)
    4) seize control of the Suez Canal
    31.
  16. Suez Canal
    a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
    The Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, and the
    Suez Canal are strategically important because
    they are
    1) under the control of Communist nations
    2) at the center of the worlds major illegal drug
    trade
    3) the cause of friction between Israel and its
    Arab neighbors
    4) trade routes for petroleum exports to nations
    around the world
    3.
  17. Camp David
    a retreat to the northwest of Washington that is used by the president of the United States
    The 1979 signing of the Camp David accords
    led directly to
    1) the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister
    Menachem Begin
    2) Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and
    Gaza Strip
    3) a military alliance between Arab nations
    4) a formal peace agreement between Egypt
    and Israel
    6.
  18. Six-Day War
    tension between Arabs and Israeli erupted into a brief war in June 1967; Israel emerged as a major power in the Middle East
    The 1967 Arab-Israeli Six-Day War resulted in
    the
    1) recognition of Israel's sovereignty by
    neighboring Arab states
    2) destruction of Israel's military
    3) establishment of a lasting peace in the
    Middle East
    4) acquisition of the Golan Heights, West
    Bank, and Gaza Strip by Israel
    32.
  19. Golan Heights
    a fortified hilly area between southern Lebanon and southern Syria
    The 1967 Arab-Israeli Six-Day War resulted in
    the
    1) recognition of Israel's sovereignty by
    neighboring Arab states
    2) destruction of Israel's military
    3) establishment of a lasting peace in the
    Middle East
    4) acquisition of the Golan Heights, West
    Bank, and Gaza Strip by Israel
    32.
  20. Menachem Begin
    Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)
    The 1979 signing of the Camp David accords
    led directly to
    1) the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister
    Menachem Begin
    2) Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and
    Gaza Strip
    3) a military alliance between Arab nations
    4) a formal peace agreement between Egypt
    and Israel
    6.
  21. weapon of mass destruction
    a weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons)
    Iraq was threatening to cut off
    oil supplies to both countries.
    3) Iraq had weapons of mass destruction that
    threatened nations around the world.
  22. Persian Gulf
    a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world
    Since World War II, the reason the Persian Gulf
    region has become increasingly important to
    many industrialized nations is that
    1) Egypt has undergone rapid modernization
    2) Israel has given economic assistance to Syria
    and Saudi Arabia
    3) Western nations have refused to trade with
    the Middle East
    4) the economic strength of the oil-producing
    nations has increased
    2.
  23. detente
    the easing of tensions or strained relations
    The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations
    since 1943 was often considered part of the Cold
    War primarily because
    1) the policy of détente evolved from this
    conflict
    2) Communist governments were established in
    many Arab nations
    3) the leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly
    influenced the policies of Saddam Hussein
    4) the United States supported Israel and the
    Soviet Union supported several Arab nations
    7.
  24. Saddam Hussein
    Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran
    The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations
    since 1943 was often considered part of the Cold
    War primarily because
    1) the policy of détente evolved from this
    conflict
    2) Communist governments were established in
    many Arab nations
    3) the leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly
    influenced the policies of Saddam Hussein
    4) the United States supported Israel and the
    Soviet Union supported several Arab nations
    7.
  25. Sunni
    a member of one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam
    The primary goal of the Palestine Liberation
    Organization (PLO) has been to
    1) establish an independent state for Palestinian
    Arabs
    2) settle disputes between Shiite and Sunni
    Muslims
    3) control the Organization of Petroleum
    Exporting Countries (OPEC)
    4) seize control of the Suez Canal
    31.
  26. Taliban
    a fundamentalist Islamic militia
    One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini
    and Afghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that
    they each
    1) established an Islamic state
    2) sponsored a United Nations Conference on
    Women’s Rights
    3) joined the Organization of Petroleum
    Exporting Countries (OPEC)
    4) incorporated communist doctrine into their
    government
    28.
  27. Hamas
    a militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon; seeks to create an Islamic state in place of Israel; is opposed to the PLO and has become a leading perpetrator of terrorist activity in Israel; pioneered suicide bombing
    This 2003 cartoon illustrates the struggle
    between Palestinians and
    1) Iraqis
    2) Hamas
    3) Egyptians
    4) Israelis
    17.
Created on 五月 4, 2010

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