SKIP TO CONTENT

GRE Whole List 1

491 words 1 learner

Learn words with Flashcards and other activities

Full list of words from this list:

  1. abdicate
    give up power, duties, or obligations
  2. aberrant
    markedly different from an accepted norm
  3. abet
    assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing
  4. abeyance
    temporary cessation or suspension
  5. abjure
    formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief
  6. abide
    dwell
  7. abject
    of the most contemptible kind
  8. ablution
    the act of washing oneself, as for ritual purposes
  9. abnegation
    the denial and rejection of a doctrine or belief
  10. abode
    any address at which you dwell more than temporarily
  11. abolish
    do away with
  12. abominable
    unequivocally detestable
  13. abominate
    find repugnant
  14. aboriginal
    having existed from the beginning
  15. abortive
    failing to accomplish an intended result
  16. abrasive
    causing irritation or erosion by friction
  17. abridge
    lessen, diminish, or curtail
  18. abrogate
    revoke formally
  19. abscission
    the act of cutting something off
  20. abscond
    run away, often taking something or somebody along
  21. absolute
    perfect or complete or pure
  22. absolve
    grant remission of a sin to
  23. abstain
    refrain from doing, consuming, or partaking in something
  24. abstemious
    marked by temperance in indulgence
  25. abstinence
    the trait of refraining from something, especially alcohol
  26. abstract
    existing only in the mind
  27. abstruse
    difficult to understand
  28. abusive
    characterized by physical or psychological maltreatment
  29. abut
    lie adjacent to another or share a boundary
  30. abysmal
    exceptionally bad or displeasing
  31. abyss
    a bottomless gulf or pit
  32. academic
    associated with an educational institution
  33. accede
    yield to another's wish or opinion
  34. accelerate
    move faster
  35. accessible
    capable of being reached
  36. accessory
    a supplementary component that improves capability
  37. acclaim
    enthusiastic approval
  38. acclimate
    get used to a certain environment
  39. acclivity
    an upward slope or grade, as in a road
  40. accolade
    a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction
  41. accommodate
    have room for; hold without crowding
  42. accomplice
    a person who joins with another in carrying out some plan
  43. accord
    concurrence of opinion
  44. accost
    approach and speak to someone aggressively or insistently
  45. accoutre
    provide with military equipment
  46. accretion
    an increase by natural growth or addition
  47. accrue
    grow by addition
  48. acerbity
    a sharp bitterness
  49. acetic
    relating to a clear organic acid with a pungent odor
  50. acknowledge
    declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
  51. acme
    the highest point of something
  52. acne
    an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands
  53. acoustics
    the study of the physical properties of sound
  54. acquiesce
    agree or express agreement
  55. acquittal
    a judgment of not guilty
  56. acrid
    strong and sharp, as a taste or smell
  57. acrimonious
    marked by strong resentment or cynicism
  58. acrophobia
    a morbid fear of great heights
  59. actuarial
    relating to statistics to calculate insurance premiums
  60. actuary
    someone versed in the interpretation of numerical data
  61. actuate
    put in motion
  62. acuity
    sharpness of vision
  63. acumen
    shrewdness shown by keen insight
  64. acute
    ending in a sharp point
  65. adage
    a condensed but memorable saying embodying an important fact
  66. adamant
    impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, or reason
  67. adapt
    make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
  68. addendum
    textual matter that is appended to the end of a publication
  69. addiction
    being dependent on something habit-forming
  70. addle
    mix up or confuse
  71. adept
    having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
  72. adhere
    stick to firmly
  73. adherent
    someone who believes and helps to spread a doctrine
  74. adjunct
    something added to another thing but not essential to it
  75. adjuration
    a solemn and earnest appeal to someone to do something
  76. adjutant
    an officer who acts as an assistant to a more senior officer
  77. admonish
    counsel in terms of someone's behavior
  78. adorn
    make more attractive, as by adding ornament or color
  79. adroit
    quick or skillful or adept in action or thought
  80. adulation
    exaggerated flattery or praise
  81. advent
    arrival that has been awaited
  82. adventitious
    associated by chance and not an integral part
  83. adversary
    someone who offers opposition
  84. adverse
    in an opposing direction
  85. adversity
    a state of misfortune or affliction
  86. advert
    a public promotion of some product or service
  87. advocacy
    active support of an idea or cause
  88. advocate
    speak, plead, or argue in favor of
  89. aegis
    armor plate that protects the chest
  90. aesthetic
    characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
  91. affable
    diffusing warmth and friendliness
  92. affidavit
    written declaration made under oath
  93. affiliation
    the act of becoming formally connected or joined
  94. affinity
    a natural attraction or feeling of kinship
  95. affirmation
    the act of asserting or stating something
  96. affliction
    a cause of great suffering and distress
  97. affluence
    abundant wealth
  98. affront
    a deliberately offensive act
  99. agape
    selfless love of one person for another
  100. agenda
    a list of matters to be taken up, as at a meeting
  101. agglomeration
    the act of collecting in a mass
  102. aggrandize
    embellish; increase the scope, power, or importance of
  103. aghast
    struck with fear, dread, or consternation
  104. agility
    the gracefulness of a quick and nimble person or animal
  105. agitate
    move or cause to move back and forth
  106. agnostic
    a person who claims the existence of God is unknowable
  107. agog
    highly excited
  108. agrarian
    relating to rural matters
  109. airy
    open to or abounding in fresh atmosphere
  110. alacrity
    liveliness and eagerness
  111. alchemy
    the way two individuals relate to each other
  112. alchemy
    the way two individuals relate to each other
  113. alcove
    a small recess opening off a large room or garden
  114. aggravate
    make worse
  115. alias
    a name that has been assumed temporarily
  116. alienate
    arouse hostility or indifference in
  117. alimentary
    of or providing nourishment
  118. alimony
    support paid by one spouse to another after separation
  119. allay
    lessen the intensity of or calm
  120. allege
    report or maintain
  121. allegiance
    the act of binding yourself to a course of action
  122. allegory
    a short moral story
  123. alleviate
    provide physical relief, as from pain
  124. alliteration
    use of the same consonant at the beginning of each word
  125. allocate
    distribute according to a plan or set apart for a purpose
  126. espouse
    choose and follow a theory, idea, policy, etc.
  127. alloy
    reduction in the value or quality of something
  128. allude
    make an indirect reference to
  129. allure
    the power to entice or attract
  130. alluvial
    relating to deposits carried by rushing streams
  131. alms
    money or goods contributed to the poor
  132. aloft
    upward
  133. aloof
    distant, cold, or detached in manner
  134. altercation
    a noisy, angry argument or fight between people
  135. altruistic
    showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others
  136. incipient
    only partly in existence; imperfectly formed
  137. amalgam
    a combination or blend of diverse things
  138. amass
    collect or gather
  139. amazon
    a large, strong, and aggressive woman
  140. ambidextrous
    equally skillful with each hand
  141. ambience
    the atmosphere of an environment
  142. ambiguous
    having more than one possible meaning
  143. ambivalence
    mixed feelings or emotions
  144. amble
    walk leisurely
  145. ambulatory
    able to walk about
  146. ambush
    the act of hiding and waiting to make a surprise attack
  147. ameliorate
    make better
  148. amenable
    disposed or willing to comply
  149. amend
    make revisions to
  150. amenities
    things that make you comfortable and at ease
  151. teetotaler
    someone who abstains from drinking alcoholic beverages
  152. amiable
    diffusing warmth and friendliness
  153. amicable
    characterized by friendship and good will
  154. amiss
    in an improper or mistaken manner
  155. amity
    a state of friendship and cordiality
  156. amnesia
    partial or total loss of memory
  157. amnesty
    a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense
  158. amorous
    inclined toward or displaying love
  159. amorous
    inclined toward or displaying love
  160. amorphous
    having no definite form or distinct shape
  161. amphitheatre
    an oval large stadium with tiers of seats
  162. amulet
    a trinket thought to be a magical protection against evil
  163. anachronism
    locating something at a time when it couldn't have existed
  164. analgesia
    absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
  165. anarchism
    a political theory favoring the abolition of governments
  166. clemency
    leniency and compassion shown toward offenders
  167. anathema
    a detested person or thing
  168. panacea
    hypothetical remedy for all ills or diseases
  169. plunder
    steal goods; take as spoils
  170. ancillary
    furnishing added support
  171. anecdote
    short account of an incident
  172. anguish
    extreme distress of body or mind
  173. animadversion
    harsh criticism or disapproval
  174. animosity
    a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
  175. animus
    a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
  176. ruminate
    reflect deeply on a subject
  177. annals
    a chronological account of events in successive years
  178. anneal
    bring to a desired consistency by heating and cooling
  179. annex
    attach to
  180. annihilate
    kill in large numbers
  181. annuity
    income from capital investment paid regularly
  182. annul
    cancel officially
  183. anodyne
    capable of relieving pain
  184. anoint
    administer an oil or ointment to, often ceremonially
  185. abscission
    the act of cutting something off
  186. antagonism
    an actively expressed feeling of dislike and hostility
  187. antecede
    be earlier in time; go back further
  188. antediluvian
    of or relating to the period before the biblical flood
  189. anthology
    a collection of selected literary passages
  190. anthropoid
    resembling human beings
  191. anthropomorphic
    suggesting human features for animals or inanimate things
  192. anticlimax
    a disappointing decline after a previous rise
  193. antidote
    a remedy that stops or controls the effects of a poison
  194. antipathy
    a feeling of intense dislike
  195. antiquated
    so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period
  196. antique
    an elderly man
  197. antiquity
    the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe
  198. antiseptic
    thoroughly clean and free of disease-causing organisms
  199. antithesis
    exact opposite
  200. antler
    deciduous horn of a member of the deer family
  201. anvil
    a heavy block on which hot metals are shaped by hammering
  202. apathy
    an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
  203. ape
    imitate uncritically
  204. aperture
    a natural opening in something
  205. apex
    the highest point of something
  206. aphasia
    inability to use language because of a brain lesion
  207. aphorism
    a short pithy instructive saying
  208. apiarist
    a farmer who keeps bees for their honey
  209. aplomb
    great coolness and composure under strain
  210. apocalyptic
    of or relating to a catastrophe
  211. apocryphal
    being of questionable authenticity
  212. apogee
    a final climactic stage
  213. apologist
    a person who argues to defend some policy or institution
  214. apolitical
    neutral with regards to government policy
  215. apoplexy
    a loss of consciousness from the lack of oxygen in the brain
  216. apostate
    not faithful to religion or party or cause
  217. apothecary
    a health professional who prepares and dispenses drugs
  218. apotheosis
    model of excellence or perfection of a kind
  219. appall
    strike with disgust or revulsion
  220. apparent
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
  221. apparition
    a ghostly appearing figure
  222. appease
    make peace with
  223. appellation
    identifying words by which someone or something is called
  224. application
    a diligent effort
  225. apprehend
    anticipate with dread or anxiety
  226. apposite
    being of striking appropriateness and pertinence
  227. appraise
    consider in a comprehensive way
  228. apprehend
    take into police custody
  229. apprehensive
    in fear or dread of possible evil or harm
  230. apprise
    inform somebody of something
  231. approbation
    official acceptance or agreement
  232. apropos
    of a suitable, fitting, or pertinent nature
  233. aptitude
    inherent ability
  234. aquiline
    curved down like an eagle's beak
  235. arable
    capable of being farmed productively
  236. arid
    lacking sufficient water or rainfall
  237. arbiter
    someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
  238. arbitrate
    act between parties with a view to reconciling differences
  239. arboreal
    of or relating to or formed by trees
  240. arboretum
    a facility where trees and shrubs are cultivated
  241. arcade
    a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side
  242. arcane
    requiring secret or mysterious knowledge
  243. archaeology
    the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people
  244. archaic
    so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period
  245. archetype
    something that serves as a model
  246. archipelago
    a group of many islands in a large body of water
  247. ardor
    feelings of great warmth and intensity
  248. argot
    a characteristic language of a particular group
  249. arduous
    characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
  250. aria
    an elaborate song for solo voice
  251. aristocracy
    a privileged class holding hereditary titles
  252. armada
    a large fleet
  253. aromatic
    having a strong pleasant odor
  254. arraign
    accuse of a wrong or an inadequacy
  255. array
    an impressive display or assortment
  256. arrears
    the state of being behind in payments
  257. arrhythmic
    lacking a steady beat or accent
  258. arrogance
    overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner
  259. arroyo
    a stream or brook
  260. arsenal
    all the weapons and equipment that a country has
  261. artful
    not straightforward or candid
  262. articulate
    express or state clearly
  263. artifice
    the use of deception or trickery
  264. artless
    simple and natural; without cunning or deceit
  265. ascendancy
    the state when one person or group has power over another
  266. ascertain
    learn or discover with confidence
  267. ascetic
    someone who practices self denial as a spiritual discipline
  268. ascribe
    attribute or credit to
  269. aseptic
    free of pathological microorganisms
  270. ashen
    pale from illness or emotion
  271. asinine
    devoid of intelligence
  272. askance
    with suspicion or disapproval
  273. askew
    turned or twisted to one side
  274. asperity
    harshness of manner
  275. aspersion
    a disparaging remark
  276. assail
    attack someone physically or emotionally
  277. assay
    a test of a substance to determine its components
  278. assent
    agree or express agreement
  279. assert
    declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
  280. assiduous
    marked by care and persistent effort
  281. diligent
    quietly and steadily persevering in detail or exactness
  282. assimilate
    make alike
  283. azure
    bright blue in color, like a clear sky
  284. axiom
    a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof
  285. awry
    turned or twisted to one side
  286. awl
    a pointed tool for marking surfaces or for punching holes
  287. awful
    exceptionally bad or displeasing
  288. assuage
    provide physical relief, as from pain
  289. assumption
    the act of taking something for granted
  290. assurance
    a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something
  291. asteroid
    a small celestial body composed of rock and metal
  292. astigmatism
    impaired eyesight common in nearsighted people
  293. astral
    being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars
  294. astringent
    tending to draw together or constrict soft organic tissue
  295. astronomical
    relating to the branch of physics studying celestial bodies
  296. astute
    marked by practical hardheaded intelligence
  297. asunder
    into parts or pieces
  298. asylum
    a shelter from danger or hardship
  299. asymmetric
    characterized by lack of balance in the arrangement of parts
  300. atavism
    a reappearance of an earlier characteristic
  301. atheistic
    related to a lack of belief in the existence of God
  302. atone
    turn away from sin or do penitence
  303. atrocity
    an act of shocking cruelty
  304. atrophy
    a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
  305. attentive
    taking heed
  306. attenuate
    become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude
  307. attest
    provide evidence for
  308. attire
    clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
  309. attribute
    a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity
  310. attrition
    the act of rubbing together
  311. attrition
    a wearing down to weaken or destroy
  312. atypical
    not representative of a group, class, or type
  313. audacious
    disposed to venture or take risks
  314. audit
    examine carefully for accuracy
  315. augment
    enlarge or increase
  316. augury
    an event indicating important things to come
  317. august
    profoundly honored
  318. aureole
    the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere
  319. auroral
    characteristic of the dawn
  320. auspicious
    indicating favorable circumstances and good luck
  321. austere
    of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor
  322. authenticate
    establish the undisputed credibility of something
  323. authoritarian
    characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
  324. authoritative
    of recognized power or excellence
  325. autocratic
    characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
  326. automaton
    a mechanism that can move independently of external control
  327. autonomous
    existing as an independent entity
  328. autopsy
    an examination and dissection of a dead body
  329. auxiliary
    furnishing added support
  330. avalanche
    a slide of large masses of snow, ice and mud down a mountain
  331. avarice
    reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth
  332. avenge
    take action in return for a perceived wrong
  333. aver
    declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
  334. averse
    strongly opposed
  335. aversion
    a feeling of intense dislike
  336. avert
    turn away or aside
  337. aviary
    a building where birds are kept
  338. avid
    marked by active interest and enthusiasm
  339. avocation
    an auxiliary activity
  340. avow
    declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
  341. awe
    an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration
  342. avuncular
    being or relating to an uncle
  343. babble
    utter meaningless sounds
  344. bacchanal
    a drunken reveller; a devotee of Bacchus
  345. bacchanalia
    a wild gathering
  346. bacchanalian
    used of riotously drunken merrymaking
  347. backslide
    return to a lower level, as in one's morals or standards
  348. backwards
    in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal
  349. badger
    annoy persistently
  350. badinage
    frivolous banter
  351. baffle
    be a mystery or bewildering to
  352. bait
    something used to lure fish or other animals
  353. baleful
    threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
  354. balk
    refuse to proceed or comply
  355. ballast
    any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship
  356. balm
    preparation applied externally as a remedy or for soothing
  357. balmy
    mild and pleasant
  358. banal
    repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
  359. bandy
    discuss lightly
  360. bane
    something causing misery or death
  361. bank
    financial institution that accepts deposits and lends money
  362. bantering
    cleverly amusing in tone
  363. bar
    a rigid piece of metal or wood
  364. bark
    the sound made by a dog
  365. barb
    a point facing the main point making an arrowhead or spear
  366. bard
    a lyric poet
  367. barefaced
    with no effort to conceal
  368. bargain
    an agreement between parties fixing obligations of each
  369. baroque
    relating to an elaborately ornamented style of art and music
  370. barrage
    the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area
  371. barrister
    a British lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law
  372. barterer
    a trader who exchanges goods and not money
  373. base
    lowest support of a structure
  374. bask
    expose oneself to warmth and light, as for relaxation
  375. bastard
    the illegitimate offspring of unmarried parents
  376. bastion
    projecting part of a rampart or other fortification
  377. bate
    moderate or restrain; lessen the force of
  378. battalion
    an army unit consisting of a headquarters and companies
  379. bauble
    cheap showy jewelry or ornament
  380. bawdy
    humorously vulgar
  381. bearing
    characteristic way of holding one's body
  382. beatific
    resembling or befitting an angel or saint
  383. beatitude
    a state of supreme happiness
  384. bedizen
    decorate tastelessly
  385. bedraggle
    make wet and dirty, as from rain
  386. beeline
    the most direct route
  387. befuddle
    be confusing or perplexing to
  388. beget
    have children
  389. begrudge
    be envious of or feel annoyance toward
  390. beguile
    attract; cause to be enamored
  391. behemoth
    someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
  392. beholden
    under a moral obligation to someone
  393. belabor
    beat soundly
  394. belated
    after the expected or usual time
  395. beleaguer
    annoy persistently
  396. belie
    be in contradiction with
  397. belittle
    cause to seem lesser or inferior
  398. bellicose
    having or showing a ready disposition to fight
  399. belligerent
    characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight
  400. bemoan
    regret strongly
  401. bemused
    perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements
  402. benediction
    a blessing or ceremonial prayer invoking divine protection
  403. benefactor
    a person who helps people or institutions
  404. beneficent
    doing or producing good
  405. beneficiary
    the recipient of funds or other advantages
  406. benevolent
    showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding
  407. benign
    kind in disposition or manner
  408. benison
    a spoken blessing
  409. bent
    stooped (used of the back and knees)
  410. bent
    fixed in your purpose
  411. bequeath
    leave or give, especially by will after one's death
  412. berate
    censure severely or angrily
  413. bereaved
    sorrowful through loss or deprivation
  414. bereavement
    state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one
  415. bereft
    lacking or deprived of something
  416. berserk
    frenzied as if possessed by a demon
  417. beseech
    ask for or request earnestly
  418. beset
    assail or attack on all sides
  419. besiege
    surround so as to force to give up
  420. besmirch
    smear so as to make dirty or stained
  421. bestial
    resembling an animal, especially by being vicious or cruel
  422. bestow
    give as a gift
  423. betoken
    be a signal for or a symptom of
  424. betray
    deliver to an enemy by treachery
  425. betroth
    give to in marriage
  426. bevy
    a flock of birds
  427. bewitch
    cast a spell over someone or something
  428. bewitch
    attract; cause to be enamored
  429. bicameral
    consisting of two chambers
  430. bicker
    argue over petty things
  431. bid
    propose a payment
  432. biennial
    occurring every second year
  433. bifurcated
    divided into or made up of two parts
  434. bigot
    a prejudiced person who is intolerant of differing opinions
  435. bigotry
    intolerance and prejudice
  436. bilious
    relating to a digestive juice secreted by the liver
  437. bilk
    cheat somebody out of what is due, especially money
  438. billow
    a large sea wave
  439. billow
    become inflated
  440. billowing
    characterized by great swelling waves or surges
  441. biting
    causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation
  442. bitter
    causing a sharp and acrid taste experience
  443. bivouac
    temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers
  444. bizarre
    conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual
  445. blackball
    vote against; refuse to endorse; refuse to assent
  446. blanch
    turn pale, as if in fear
  447. bland
    lacking taste or flavor or tang
  448. blandishment
    flattery intended to persuade
  449. blare
    make a loud noise
  450. blase
    nonchalantly unconcerned
  451. blasphemy
    profane language
  452. blatant
    without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious
  453. blatant
    conspicuously and offensively loud
  454. bleak
    unpleasantly cold and damp
  455. blemish
    a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something
  456. blight
    any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
  457. blighted
    affected by something that prevents growth or prosperity
  458. bliss
    a state of extreme happiness
  459. blotch
    an irregularly shaped spot
  460. blowhard
    a very boastful and talkative person
  461. bludgeon
    a club used as a weapon
  462. blue
    filled with melancholy and despondency
  463. blues
    a state of depression
  464. bluff
    a high steep bank
  465. blunder
    an embarrassing mistake
  466. blunt
    not sharp (used of a knife or other blade)
  467. blurt
    utter impulsively
  468. bluster
    be gusty, as of wind
  469. bluster
    act in an arrogant, overly self-assured, or conceited manner
  470. bode
    indicate by signs
  471. bog
    wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation
  472. bogus
    fraudulent; having a misleading appearance
  473. bohemian
    a nonconformist who lives an unconventional life
  474. boisterous
    marked by exuberance and high spirits
  475. bolster
    support and strengthen
  476. bolt
    the part of a lock that is engaged or withdrawn with a key
  477. bombardment
    an attack by dropping explosive devices
  478. bombast
    pompous or pretentious talk or writing
  479. bombastic
    ostentatiously lofty in style
  480. bookish
    characterized by diligent study and fondness for reading
    a bookish farmer who always had a book in his pocket
  481. boon
    something that is desirable, favorable, or beneficial
  482. boor
    a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking refinement
  483. boorish
    ill-mannered and coarse in behavior or appearance
  484. boost
    increase
  485. botch
    make a mess of, destroy, or ruin
  486. bouillon
    a clear seasoned broth
  487. bound
    confined by bonds
  488. bountiful
    producing in abundance
  489. bourgeois
    being of the property-owning class
  490. bout
    a period of indeterminate length marked by some condition
  491. bout
    a contest or fight
Created on 八月 13, 2013 (updated 九月 9, 2013)

Sign up now (it’s free!)

Whether you’re a teacher or a learner 全国统一开奖网址, soonshin.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.