10/05,What Twitter Says to Linguists

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  1. R
    the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet
    as Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, social media should get its own shelf.
    Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.

    Transcendentalism:
    the belief that knowledge can be obtained by studying thought rather than by practical experience
  2. caveat
    a warning against certain acts
    Data extracted from Twitter come with caveats--like the fact that some tweets are written by automated bots--and great minds are still in the early days of building computer programs that can understand tweets in all their humor and nuance.
    =notice, warning
  3. automated
    operated with minimal human intervention
    Data extracted from Twitter come with caveats--like the fact that some tweets are written by automated bots--and great minds are still in the early days of building computer programs that can understand tweets in all their humor and nuance.
  4. bot
    a mechanism that can move independently of external control
    like the fact that some tweets are written by automated bots-
    bot: bɒt
    a computer program that performs the same operation many times in a row, for example one that searches for information on the Internet as part of a search engine
  5. nuance
    a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
    Data extracted from Twitter come with caveats--like the fact that some tweets are written by automated bots--and great minds are still in the early days of building computer programs that can understand tweets in all their humor and nuance.
  6. computational
    of or involving calculation
    "We can talk about culture and community, but language gives you a way to really observe those things," says Jacob Eisenstein, a computational linguist at Georgia Tech, "if you know how to pull that signal out of all that text."
  7. exclamation
    an emphatic rhetorical device
    Language researchers have found that women are more likely to use first-person terms (like I and my) and exclamation points, especially repeated ones.
    exclamation: ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn
    a sound, word, or short sentence that you say suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited

    exclamation points:
    https://www.google.com/search?q=exclamation+points&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=RZ9IUvGbOsfdkgW28YFQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1228&bih=592&dpr=1
  8. apt
    naturally disposed toward
    young tweeters were more apt to type all-capital words
    be apt to do something: to have a natural tendency to do something
  9. acronym
    a word formed from the initial letters of several words
    For instance, the term suttin (a variant of something) has been associated with Boston-area tweets, while the acronym ikr (an expression meaning "I know, right?") is popular in the Detroit area.
  10. emanate
    give out, as breath or an odor
    Tweets containing the word awesome, one study showed, are more likely to emanate from wealthy neighborhoods.
    emanate: ˈeməneɪt
  11. frivolous
    not serious in content, attitude, or behavior
    These facts may seem frivolous.
    frivolous: ˈfrɪvələs
    frivolous:
    not serious or sensible, especially in a way that is not suitable for a particular occasion
  12. unwittingly
    without knowledge or intention
    But research like this provides insights into how people purposefully and unwittingly use words to signal who they are.
  13. algorithm
    a precise rule specifying how to solve some problem
    For example, researchers at the Mitre Corp., a nonprofit science and technology group, came up with an algorithm that could correctly determine someone's sex 75% of the time on the basis of just their tweets.
    algorithm: ˈælɡərɪðəm
  14. diffusion
    spread of social institutions from one society to another
    Smith--a specialist in natural language processing--and Eisenstein are researching the diffusion of new words, a pursuit that was much more painstaking in the pre-Internet days.
  15. painstaking
    characterized by extreme care and great effort
    Smith--a specialist in natural language processing--and Eisenstein are researching the diffusion of new words, a pursuit that was much more painstaking in the pre-Internet days.
    conscientious, painstaking, scrupulous
    => careful (vs. careless)
  16. oblivious
    lacking conscious awareness of
    Tweeters are generally oblivious to the possibility that their messages might be scrutinized, which is a boon to researchers who want to analyze natural speech rather than the kind of edited text you find in the pages of a magazine.
    oblivious: əˈblɪviəs
    oblivious:
    not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you
  17. boon
    something that is desirable, favorable, or beneficial
    Tweeters are generally oblivious to the possibility that their messages might be scrutinized, which is a boon to researchers who want to analyze natural speech rather than the kind of edited text you find in the pages of a magazine.
    blessing, boon
    => good fortune, luckiness, good luck
  18. quandary
    state of uncertainty in a choice between unfavorable options
    But that presents an ethical quandary too.
    quandary: ˈkwɒndəri
    quandary ol
    a difficult situation or problem, especially one in which you cannot decide what to do
  19. drawback
    a feature that makes something less convenient or acceptable
    The data also has drawbacks.
    drawback: ˈdrɔːbæk
    a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product etc
  20. skew
    turn or place at an angle
    they skew young and urban. People can lie about themselves.
    skew: skjuː
    if something skews the results of a test etc, it affects the results, making them incorrect
  21. B
    the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet
    brute-force=A method of accomplishing something primarily by means of strength, without the use of mechanical aids or, in combat, without strategic planning or tactics.
  22. complication
    a situation or condition that is complex or confused
    Another complication is that people write on Twitter in ways they never have before,
    complication: ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn
    a problem or situation that makes something more difficult to understand or deal with
  23. bonanza
    a sudden happening that brings good fortune
    The result of that is a burst of creativity." And, of course, a language bonanza.
    bonanza: bəˈnænzə
    bonanza ol
    a lucky or successful situation where people can make a lot of money
Created on 九月 28, 2013 (updated 十月 4, 2013)

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