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  1. sequence
    a following of one thing after another in time
    Today we know that a single gene consists of a unique sequence of DNA that provides the complete instructions to make a functional product, called a protein.
  2. coding
    act of writing in code or cipher
    In the human genome, the coding portions of a gene, called exons, are interrupted by intervening sequences, called introns.
  3. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    Genes instruct each cell type- such as skin, brain, and liver-to make discrete sets of proteins at just the right times, and it is through this specificity that unique organisms arise.
  4. somatic
    characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
    Mutations that occur in somatic cells-any cell in the body except gametes and their precursors-will not be passed on to the next generation.
  5. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a phosphate molecule, resulting in a nucleic acid or nucleotide.
  6. replicate
    reproduce or make an exact copy of
    For example, the amino acid serine is encoded by UCU, UCC, UCA, and/or UCG. This redundancy is key to accommodating mutations that occur naturally as DNA is replicated and new cells are produced.
Created on 十一月 17, 2010 (updated 十一月 17, 2010)

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