Megan T.

They include: Transcranial doppler, S.P.E.C.T. (single photon emission tomography), Xenon cerebral blood flow studies, blood flow MRI etc.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

• * Anatomic visualization (CAT scan, spiral CAT scanningMRI, MRAngiography, digital angiography).

Magnification in three dimensions allows even those with the worst vision to see every thing with astounding clarity.

They include: Transcranial doppler, S.P.E.C.T. (single photon emission tomography), Xenon cerebral blood flow studies, blood flow MRI etc.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.

The result is that the surgical incision has been reduced to an absolute minimum.

• * "Functional" Imaging Studies (Functional MRI, Magnetoenceph-alography, EEG mapping studies, angiographic "stress" tests, e.g. the Wada test).

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

The result is that the surgical incision has been reduced to an absolute minimum.

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

Smaller incisions, less tissue trauma, and better surgical planning have reduced the risk of brain surgery from almost 90% in the 1940's to about 2% in the 1990's.

These three dimensional recon-structions all use improved computers.

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.

They include: Transcranial doppler, S.P.E.C.T. (single photon emission tomography), Xenon cerebral blood flow studies, blood flow MRI etc.

Magnification in three dimensions allows even those with the worst vision to see every thing with astounding clarity.

Perhaps these fears can be allayed with some of the knowledge offered here.

They include: Transcranial doppler, S.P.E.C.T. (single photon emission tomography), Xenon cerebral blood flow studies, blood flow MRI etc.

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

• * The operating microscope.

The result is that the surgical incision has been reduced to an absolute minimum.

• * Anatomic visualization (CAT scan, spiral CAT scanningMRI, MRAngiography, digital angiography).

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

(This is my own personal bias, so take this with a grain of salt.

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

The result has been a dramatic reduction in operative error.

He can safely go through "quiet" brain on his path to the problem with full confidence knowing that he will not damage the patient!

Magnification in three dimensions allows even those with the worst vision to see every thing with astounding clarity.

Magnification in three dimensions allows even those with the worst vision to see every thing with astounding clarity.

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

The result is that the surgical incision has been reduced to an absolute minimum.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

• * "Functional" Imaging Studies (Functional MRI, Magnetoenceph-alography, EEG mapping studies, angiographic "stress" tests, e.g. the Wada test).

Thus, the surgeon can predict and avoid blood supply problems prior to surgery.

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

• * The operating microscope.

All of these studies can help the surgeon of the brain that would cause trouble after the patient wakes up from surgery.

• * "Functional" Imaging Studies (Functional MRI, Magnetoenceph-alography, EEG mapping studies, angiographic "stress" tests, e.g. the Wada test).

Thus, the surgeon can predict and avoid blood supply problems prior to surgery.

Seeing is always believing, especially if you're a surgeon with a lot of experience and a hefty knowledge of what can possibly go wrong during an operation.

The true miracle of the past 40 years regarding brain surgery has to do with a number of factors:

• * Diagnostic accuracy allows the surgeon to work precisely where he or she wants to work with amazing efficiency and reliability, each and every time.

Recognition of vital structures is now routine, no matter how small they might be.

The result has been a dramatic reduction in operative error.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

(This is my own personal bias, so take this with a grain of salt.

Recognition of vital structures is now routine, no matter how small they might be.

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

The result is that the surgical incision has been reduced to an absolute minimum.

The result has been a dramatic reduction in operative error.

They include: Transcranial doppler, S.P.E.C.T. (single photon emission tomography), Xenon cerebral blood flow studies, blood flow MRI etc.

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

The need for blood transfusions has been almost eliminated, except for certain vascular lesions (e.g. brain aneurysms and certain rare tumors).

All of these studies can help the surgeon of the brain that would cause trouble after the patient wakes up from surgery.

Magnification in three dimensions allows even those with the worst vision to see every thing with astounding clarity.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

Smaller incisions, less tissue trauma, and better surgical planning have reduced the risk of brain surgery from almost 90% in the 1940's to about 2% in the 1990's.

Stereotactic guidance systems (involving surface markers or "frames," computers, etc.), three dimensional computer-assisted guidance systems (via infrared lights, lasers, mechanical arms, radiotelemetry), even real-time imaging such as intraoperative ultrasonic guidance systems and MRI, and finally computer guided mechanical arms (hands free) are all available to today's surgeon.

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

The surgeon can see almost ever, arteriovenous malfo rmations, carotid artery narrowing).

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.

The surgeon can stop bleeding reliably and easily with such instruments as the "bipolar forceps" (electric coagulation between the two ends of a fine instrument, assuring no damage to surrounding brain), clotting agents such as "gelfoam," "avitine" (microfibrillar collagen), oxidized cottons and microvascular metallic clips of all shapes and sizes.

Brain surgery continues to instill enormous fear in everyone, even the most placid of individuals.

Thus, the surgeon can predict and avoid blood supply problems prior to surgery.

Seeing is always believing, especially if you're a surgeon with a lot of experience and a hefty knowledge of what can possibly go wrong during an operation.

With current lighting technology, even a very small and extremely deep approach to a brain lesion can be seen in the equivalent of broad daylight.