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  1. organelle
    a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
    The interior of the cell is organized into many specialized compartments, or organelles, each surrounded by a separate membrane.
  2. cytoskeleton
    a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
    The cytosol contains an organized framework of fibrous molecules that constitute the cytoskeleton, which gives a cell its shape, enables organelles to move within the cell, and provides a mechanism by which the cell itself can move.
  3. biosynthesis
    production of a chemical compound by a living organism
    The cytosol also contains more than 10,000 different kinds of molecules that are involved in cellular biosynthesis, the process of making large biological molecules from small ones.
  4. plasma membrane
    a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  5. chloroplast
    organelle in which photosynthesis takes place
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  6. reticulum
    any fine network
    Organelles include mitochondria, which are responsible for the energy transactions necessary for cell survival; lysosomes, which digest unwanted materials within the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, which play important roles in the internal organization of the cell by synthesizing selected molecules and then processing, sorting, and directing them to their proper locations.
  7. Golgi
    Italian histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi bodies (1844-1926)
    Organelles include mitochondria, which are responsible for the energy transactions necessary for cell survival; lysosomes, which digest unwanted materials within the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, which play important roles in the internal organization of the cell by synthesizing selected molecules and then processing, sorting, and directing them to their proper locations.
  8. plant cell
    a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  9. cytoplasm
    the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
    Each cell contains only one nucleus, whereas other types of organelles are present in multiple copies in the cellular contents, or cytoplasm.
  10. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    Organelles include mitochondria, which are responsible for the energy transactions necessary for cell survival; lysosomes, which digest unwanted materials within the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, which play important roles in the internal organization of the cell by synthesizing selected molecules and then processing, sorting, and directing them to their proper locations.
  11. photosynthesis
    formation of compounds in plants aided by radiant energy
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  12. synthesize
    combine and form a complex whole
    Organelles include mitochondria, which are responsible for the energy transactions necessary for cell survival; lysosomes, which digest unwanted materials within the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, which play important roles in the internal organization of the cell by synthesizing selected molecules and then processing, sorting, and directing them to their proper locations.
  13. H2O
    binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  14. carbohydrate
    an essential component of living cells and source of energy
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  15. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  16. nutrient
    any substance that can be metabolized to give energy
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  17. plasma
    the watery fluid in which blood cells are suspended
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  18. CO2
    a colorless, odorless greenhouse gas essential for photosynthesis
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  19. cellular
    relating to cells
    Each cell contains only one nucleus, whereas other types of organelles are present in multiple copies in the cellular contents, or cytoplasm.
  20. membrane
    a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  21. nucleus
    a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction
    One major organelle, the nucleus, contains the genetic information necessary for cell growth and reproduction.
  22. carbon dioxide
    a colorless, odorless greenhouse gas essential for photosynthesis
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  23. selective
    characterized by very careful or fastidious choice
    A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
  24. dioxide
    an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
  25. genetic
    relating to the study of heredity and variation in organisms
    One major organelle, the nucleus, contains the genetic information necessary for cell growth and reproduction.
  26. biological
    pertaining to life and living things
    The cytosol also contains more than 10,000 different kinds of molecules that are involved in cellular biosynthesis, the process of making large biological molecules from small ones.
  27. reproduction
    the act of making copies
    One major organelle, the nucleus, contains the genetic information necessary for cell growth and reproduction.
  28. mechanism
    device consisting of a piece of machinery
    The cytosol contains an organized framework of fibrous molecules that constitute the cytoskeleton, which gives a cell its shape, enables organelles to move within the cell, and provides a mechanism by which the cell itself can move.
  29. carbon
    an abundant nonmetallic element in all organic compounds
    In addition, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereby the energy of sunlight is used to convert molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates.
Created on 一月 20, 2014 (updated 一月 20, 2014)

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