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NY Times article -Egypt Protests

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/29/world/middleeast/29unrest.html?hp
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  1. demonstrator
    someone participating in a public display of group feeling
    Police Battle Huge Protests Across Egypt
    By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and ALAN COWELL

    CAIRO — Violent protest spread across Cairo and other Egyptian cities on Friday as tens of thousands of demonstrators intensified their campaign to oust President Hos
  2. douse
    wet thoroughly
    Shortly before, police doused Mr. ElBaradei with a water cannon and beat supporters who tried to shield him.
  3. fulcrum
    the pivot about which a lever turns
    The country, often the fulcrum on which currents in the region turn, also has one of the most largest and most sophisticated security forces in the Middle East.
  4. underscore
    give extra weight to
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  5. demonstration
    a show or display
    The demonstrations were on a scale far beyond anything in the memory of most residents.
  6. sporadic
    recurring in scattered or unpredictable instances
    Despite predictions otherwise, there were only sporadic protests elsewhere in the region.
  7. complicate
    make less simple
    Internet and cellphone connections have been disrupted or restricted in Cairo, Alexandria and other places, cutting off social-media Web sites that had been used to organize protests and complicating efforts by the news media to report on events on the ground.
  8. focused
    brought into sharp clarity
    Across the Middle East, attention seemed focused on Egypt, the Arab world’s most populous country.
  9. topple
    fall down, as if collapsing
    The protests came after weeks of turmoil across the Arab world that toppled one leader in Tunisia and encouraged protesters to overcome deep-rooted fears of their autocratic leaders and take to the streets.
  10. turmoil
    a violent disturbance
    The protests came after weeks of turmoil across the Arab world that toppled one leader in Tunisia and encouraged protesters to overcome deep-rooted fears of their autocratic leaders and take to the streets.
  11. acrid
    strong and sharp, as a taste or smell
    The acrid stench of tear gas spread across the capital reaching up the windows of high-rise buildings.
  12. autocratic
    characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
    The protests came after weeks of turmoil across the Arab world that toppled one leader in Tunisia and encouraged protesters to overcome deep-rooted fears of their autocratic leaders and take to the streets.
  13. regime
    the governing authority of a political unit
    At Al Azhar in old Cairo, thousands of people poured from one of the most iconic mosques of Sunni Islam, chanting “The people want to bring down the regime.”
  14. stench
    a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant
    The acrid stench of tear gas spread across the capital reaching up the windows of high-rise buildings.
  15. eerie
    suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious
    In Cairo, too, an eerie silence fell in one section of the city at midafternoon, as hundreds of protesters began a prayer session in the middle of the street, according to live images from Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite channel.
  16. elude
    escape, either physically or mentally
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  17. disrupt
    make a break in
    Internet and cellphone connections have been disrupted or restricted in Cairo, Alexandria and other places, cutting off social-media Web sites that had been used to organize protests and complicating efforts by the news media to report on events on the ground.
  18. security
    the state of being free from danger or injury
    The country, often the fulcrum on which currents in the region turn, also has one of the most largest and most sophisticated security forces in the Middle East.
  19. unison
    the state of corresponding exactly
    Officers pounded their clear shields with their billy clubs and chanted in unison.
  20. satellite
    any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star
    In Cairo, too, an eerie silence fell in one section of the city at midafternoon, as hundreds of protesters began a prayer session in the middle of the street, according to live images from Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite channel.
  21. site
    the piece of land on which something is located
    At least one person appeared to have been killed in Suez, the site of some of the most violent clashes.
  22. intensified
    made more sharp
    Police Battle Huge Protests Across Egypt
    By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and ALAN COWELL

    CAIRO — Violent protest spread across Cairo and other Egyptian cities on Friday as tens of thousands of demonstrators intensified their campaign to oust President Hosni Mubarak, pouring from mosques after noon prayers and clashing with police who fired tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannons.
  23. enabling
    providing legal power or sanction
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  24. riot
    a state of disorder involving group violence
    The riot police managed to push the demonstrators one block back from the mosque, sealing it off from both sides and slowly advancing behind the tear-gas truck.
  25. challenging
    requiring full use of your abilities or resources
    Images of the lowly challenging the mighty have been relayed from one capital to the next, partly through the aggressive coverage of Al Jazeera.
  26. propel
    cause to move forward with force
    Mr. ElBaradei, the former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, returned to Cairo on Thursday, promising to join the largely leaderless protests that have so far been propelled by young people.
  27. traditionally
    according to long-standing practice
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  28. oust
    remove from a position or office
    Police Battle Huge Protests Across Egypt
    By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and ALAN COWELL

    CAIRO — Violent protest spread across Cairo and other Egyptian cities on Friday as tens of thousands of demonstrators intensified their campaign to oust President Hosni Mubarak, pouring from mosques after noon prayers and clashing with police who fired tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannons.
  29. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    Across the Middle East, attention seemed focused on Egypt, the Arab world’s most populous country.
  30. traditional
    consisting of or derived from a practice of long standing
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  31. contradictory
    not able to be true at the same time
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  32. intensify
    increase in extent or strength
    Police Battle Huge Protests Across Egypt
    By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and ALAN COWELL

    CAIRO — Violent protest spread across Cairo and other Egyptian cities on Friday as tens of thousands of demonstrators intensified their campaign to oust President Hosni Mubarak, pouring from mosques after noon prayers and clashing with police who fired tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannons.
  33. capital
    a large alphabetic character used in writing or printing
    The acrid stench of tear gas spread across the capital reaching up the windows of high-rise buildings.
  34. delta
    the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet
    Similar demonstrations were also reported in the cities of Suez, Alexandria and several others, including Al Arish in northern Sinai and Mansour in the Nile Delta region.
  35. resident
    someone who lives at a particular place for a long period
    The demonstrations were on a scale far beyond anything in the memory of most residents.
  36. aloof
    distant, cold, or detached in manner
    On Thursday, the Muslim Brotherhood, which had remained formally aloof from the earlier protests, seemed to be seeking to align itself with the youthful and apparently secular demonstrators, saying it would support Friday’s protests.
  37. mobile
    moving or capable of moving readily
    One cellphone operator, Vodafone, said on Friday that Egypt had told all mobile operators to suspend services in selected areas of the country.
  38. sophisticated
    having worldly knowledge and refinement
    The country, often the fulcrum on which currents in the region turn, also has one of the most largest and most sophisticated security forces in the Middle East.
  39. image
    a visual representation produced on a surface
    Television images showed plainclothes security policemen beating protesters.
  40. monitor
    someone who observes to ensure fairness or prevent mistakes
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  41. restricted
    subject to an act of limitation
    Internet and cellphone connections have been disrupted or restricted in Cairo, Alexandria and other places, cutting off social-media Web sites that had been used to organize protests and complicating efforts by the news media to report on events on the ground.
  42. dissent
    a difference of opinion
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  43. region
    the extended spatial location of something
    The country, often the fulcrum on which currents in the region turn, also has one of the most largest and most sophisticated security forces in the Middle East.
  44. skirmish
    a minor short-term fight
    Protesters bowed their heads as smoke billowed into the air behind them from the skirmishes between demonstrators and riot police.
  45. secular
    someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person
    On Thursday, the Muslim Brotherhood, which had remained formally aloof from the earlier protests, seemed to be seeking to align itself with the youthful and apparently secular demonstrators, saying it would support Friday’s protests.
  46. prediction
    a statement made about the future
    Despite predictions otherwise, there were only sporadic protests elsewhere in the region.
  47. reinforcement
    an act performed to strengthen approved behavior
    A stone struck the officer firing the gas from the top of the truck and the truck pulled back, but reinforcements quickly arrived and officers marshaled a new offensive.
  48. medium
    the surrounding environment
    Internet and cellphone connections have been disrupted or restricted in Cairo, Alexandria and other places, cutting off social-media Web sites that had been used to organize protests and complicating efforts by the news media to report on events on the ground.
  49. channels
    official routes of communication
    Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya, the most influential Arab satellite channels, broadcast nonstop coverage of the demonstrations in Cairo.
  50. channel
    a deep and relatively narrow body of water
    In Cairo, too, an eerie silence fell in one section of the city at midafternoon, as hundreds of protesters began a prayer session in the middle of the street, according to live images from Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite channel.
  51. aggressive
    characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight
    Images of the lowly challenging the mighty have been relayed from one capital to the next, partly through the aggressive coverage of Al Jazeera.
  52. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    Similar demonstrations were also reported in the cities of Suez, Alexandria and several others, including Al Arish in northern Sinai and Mansour in the Nile Delta region.
  53. comply
    act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes
    Vodafone, a British company, said it would comply with the order, Reuters reported.
  54. potent
    having or wielding force or authority
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  55. restrict
    limit access to
    Internet and cellphone connections have been disrupted or restricted in Cairo, Alexandria and other places, cutting off social-media Web sites that had been used to organize protests and complicating efforts by the news media to report on events on the ground.
  56. transformed
    given a completely different form or appearance
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  57. successive
    following in order without gaps
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  58. contribute
    give, provide, or supply something
    Reporting was contributed by, Karim Faheem, Mona El-Naggar, Liam Stack, Dawlat Magdy and Stephen Farrell in Cairo; Nicholas Kulish and Souad Mekhennet in Alexandria, Egypt; Anthony Shadid and Nada Bakri in Beirut, Lebanon; and Mark Landler and Andrew W. Lehren in Washington.
  59. crowd
    a large number of things or people considered together
    In what protesters called a “day of wrath,” a crowd of at least 10,000 people moved east from Cairo’s Mohandeseen neighborhood, trying to reach the central Tahrir Square that has been an epicenter of protest.
  60. section
    one of several parts or pieces that fit with others
    In Cairo, too, an eerie silence fell in one section of the city at midafternoon, as hundreds of protesters began a prayer session in the middle of the street, according to live images from Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite channel.
  61. event
    something that happens at a given place and time
    In a stunning turn of events, one pitched battle in that city ended with protesters and police shaking hands and sharing water bottles on the same street corner where minutes before they were exchanging hails of stones and tear-gas canisters were arcing through the sky.
  62. transform
    change or alter in appearance or nature
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  63. access
    the right to enter
    Near Tahrir Square, protesters set fire to a police truck as police lobbed tear gas to try to block access to a key bridge across the River Nile from the island of Zamalek.
  64. offensive
    unpleasant or disgusting especially to the senses
    A stone struck the officer firing the gas from the top of the truck and the truck pulled back, but reinforcements quickly arrived and officers marshaled a new offensive.
  65. rely
    have confidence or faith in
    But various regimes have fallen back on a more traditional playbook, relying on security forces to face angry demonstrators on the streets.
  66. confident
    having or marked by assurance
    Earlier this month, entrenched autocracies seemed confident of their ability to ride out the protests.
  67. confirmed
    having been established or made firm or received the rite of confirmation
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  68. peaceful
    not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war
    “We wanted this to be a peaceful demonstration, but we are all Egyptians," said Ahmed Mohammed Saleh, 26, a protester in Alexandria who had been struck by a rubber bullet.
  69. prominent
    conspicuous in position or importance
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  70. suspend
    bar temporarily
    One cellphone operator, Vodafone, said on Friday that Egypt had told all mobile operators to suspend services in selected areas of the country.
  71. stream
    a natural body of water flowing on or under the earth
    From balconies above the street, residents threw water and lemons to protesters whose eyes were streaming from tear gas.
  72. wrath
    intense anger
    In what protesters called a “day of wrath,” a crowd of at least 10,000 people moved east from Cairo’s Mohandeseen neighborhood, trying to reach the central Tahrir Square that has been an epicenter of protest.
  73. marshal
    a military officer of highest rank
    A stone struck the officer firing the gas from the top of the truck and the truck pulled back, but reinforcements quickly arrived and officers marshaled a new offensive.
  74. peak
    a V shape
    “Today all eyes are focused on the mosques in the land of Egypt, where the protests are expected to reach their peak.”
  75. photograph
    a picture taken with a camera or phone that shows people or scenes
    Some demonstrators stamped on photographs of the president and others chanted “Down, down with Mubarak.”
  76. hail
    precipitation of ice pellets
    In a stunning turn of events, one pitched battle in that city ended with protesters and police shaking hands and sharing water bottles on the same street corner where minutes before they were exchanging hails of stones and tear-gas canisters were arcing through the sky.
  77. network
    an open fabric woven together at regular intervals
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  78. challenge
    a call to engage in a contest or fight
    Images of the lowly challenging the mighty have been relayed from one capital to the next, partly through the aggressive coverage of Al Jazeera.
  79. associate
    bring or come into action
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  80. enable
    provide the means to perform some task
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  81. arrive
    reach a destination
    A stone struck the officer firing the gas from the top of the truck and the truck pulled back, but reinforcements quickly arrived and officers marshaled a new offensive.
  82. confirm
    strengthen
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  83. role
    the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
    But it was unclear what role the Brotherhood had played in Friday’s protests, which seemed to be spearheaded by angry young people and to include a cross-section of Egyptians.
  84. support
    the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  85. accord
    concurrence of opinion
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  86. seek
    try to locate, discover, or establish the existence of
    The police fired tear gas and protesters hurled rocks as they sought to break though police lines.
  87. scale
    an ordered reference standard
    The demonstrations were on a scale far beyond anything in the memory of most residents.
  88. ability
    the quality of having the means or skills to do something
    Earlier this month, entrenched autocracies seemed confident of their ability to ride out the protests.
  89. fell
    cause to go down by or as if by delivering a blow
    Although the police beat back protesters in many places, they appeared to be struggling in parts of Alexandria, where Al Jazeera reported that protesters snatched batons, shields and helmets from the police, who fell back.
  90. select
    pick out or choose from a number of alternatives
    One cellphone operator, Vodafone, said on Friday that Egypt had told all mobile operators to suspend services in selected areas of the country.
  91. despite
    contemptuous disregard
    Despite predictions otherwise, there were only sporadic protests elsewhere in the region.
  92. wake
    stop sleeping
    In Alexandria, as soon as Friday prayers ended, a crowd of protesters streamed out of one mosque, chanting “Wake up, wake up son of my country.
  93. flee
    run away quickly
    But, just two weeks ago, on Jan. 14, President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia fled abruptly into exile after weeks of protest, and his departure emboldened demonstrators to take to the streets in other countries.
  94. clear
    readily apparent to the mind
    Details of his death were not immediately clear.
  95. arrest
    take into custody
    According to the Associated Press, Egyptian security officials said they had placed the most prominent opposition figures, Mohammed ElBaradei, under house arrest, but that could not be independently confirmed and reports throughout the day had been contradictory.
  96. several
    of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many
    Similar demonstrations were also reported in the cities of Suez, Alexandria and several others, including Al Arish in northern Sinai and Mansour in the Nile Delta region.
  97. sought
    that is looked for
    The police fired tear gas and protesters hurled rocks as they sought to break though police lines.
  98. struggle
    strenuous effort
    Although the police beat back protesters in many places, they appeared to be struggling in parts of Alexandria, where Al Jazeera reported that protesters snatched batons, shields and helmets from the police, who fell back.
  99. club
    a formal association of people with similar interests
    Officers pounded their clear shields with their billy clubs and chanted in unison.
  100. area
    the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
    One cellphone operator, Vodafone, said on Friday that Egypt had told all mobile operators to suspend services in selected areas of the country.
  101. current
    occurring in or belonging to the present time
    The country, often the fulcrum on which currents in the region turn, also has one of the most largest and most sophisticated security forces in the Middle East.
  102. lean
    incline or bend from a vertical position
    Several women shouted “dirty government,” leaning from the balconies of their high-rise apartments to hurl bottles down on the police.
  103. similar
    having the same or nearly the same characteristics
    Similar demonstrations were also reported in the cities of Suez, Alexandria and several others, including Al Arish in northern Sinai and Mansour in the Nile Delta region.
  104. administration
    the act of governing or exercising authority
    The protests across Egypt have underscored the blistering pace of events that have transformed the Arab world, particularly among regimes that have traditionally enjoyed the support of successive administrations in Washington.
  105. sink
    fall or descend to a lower place or level
    Thousands stood on the six-lane coastal road then sank to their knees and prayed.
  106. campaign
    related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal
    Police Battle Huge Protests Across Egypt
    By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and ALAN COWELL

    CAIRO — Violent protest spread across Cairo and other Egyptian cities on Friday as tens of thousands of demonstrators intensified their campaign to oust President Hosni Mubarak, pouring from mosques after noon prayers and clashing with police who fired tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannons.
  107. memory
    the cognitive process whereby past experience is remembered
    The demonstrations were on a scale far beyond anything in the memory of most residents.
  108. corner
    the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect
    In a stunning turn of events, one pitched battle in that city ended with protesters and police shaking hands and sharing water bottles on the same street corner where minutes before they were exchanging hails of stones and tear-gas canisters were arcing through the sky.
  109. gather
    assemble or get together
    The Yemeni capital of Sana, where thousands had gathered a day before, was quiet Friday.
  110. measure
    determine the dimensions of something or somebody
    Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have given the protesters a potent weapon, enabling them to elude the traditional police measures to monitor and curb dissent.
  111. share
    assets belonging to an individual person or group
    In a stunning turn of events, one pitched battle in that city ended with protesters and police shaking hands and sharing water bottles on the same street corner where minutes before they were exchanging hails of stones and tear-gas canisters were arcing through the sky.
Created on 一月 28, 2011 (updated 一月 28, 2011)

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