week 2-- Dairy Cow Article

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. ampicillin
    semisynthetic penicillin
    The list includes drugs like penicillin and ampicillin, which are also prescribed for people.
  2. antibiotic
    a substance used to kill microorganisms and cure infections
    The Food and Drug Administration is concerned that antibiotics might be contaminating the milk of American dairy cows.
  3. slaughterhouse
    a building where animals are butchered
    Each year, federal inspectors find illegal levels of antibiotics in hundreds of older dairy cows bound for the slaughterhouse.
  4. anti-inflammatory drug
    a medicine intended to reduce inflammation
    The testing would also look for a painkiller and anti-inflammatory drug popular on dairy farms, called flunixin, which often shows up in the slaughterhouse testing.
  5. sparring
    making the motions of attack and defense with the fists and arms; a part of training for a boxer
    In response, the F.D.A. postponed the testing, and now the two sides are sparring over how much danger the antibiotics pose and the best way to ensure that the drugs do not end up in the milk supply.
  6. penicillin
    antibiotic used in the treatment of infections and diseases
    The list includes drugs like penicillin and ampicillin, which are also prescribed for people.
  7. tainted
    touched by rot or decay
    Concerned that those antibiotics might also be contaminating the milk Americans drink, the Food and Drug Administration intended to begin tests this month on the milk from farms that had repeatedly sold cows tainted by drug residue.
  8. undermine
    weaken or impair, especially gradually
    But food safety advocates said that the F.D.A.’s preliminary findings raised issues about the possible overuse of antibiotics in livestock, which many fear could undermine the effectiveness of drugs to combat human illnesses.
  9. inject
    force or drive (a fluid or gas) into by piercing
    That can include exceeding the prescribed dose or injecting a drug into muscle instead of a vein.
  10. taint
    place under suspicion or cast doubt upon
    Concerned that those antibiotics might also be contaminating the milk Americans drink, the Food and Drug Administration intended to begin tests this month on the milk from farms that had repeatedly sold cows tainted by drug residue.
  11. spar
    stout rounded pole of wood or metal used to support rigging
    In response, the F.D.A. postponed the testing, and now the two sides are sparring over how much danger the antibiotics pose and the best way to ensure that the drugs do not end up in the milk supply.
  12. environmental
    of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings
    Among other problems, the letter said, forcing farmers to dump large quantities of milk could create environmental problems.
  13. Agriculture
    the federal department that administers programs that provide services to farmers (including research and soil conservation and efforts to stabilize the farming economy); created in 1862
    The concerns of federal regulators stem from tests done by the Department of Agriculture on dairy cows sent to be slaughtered at meat plants.
  14. datum
    an item of factual information from measurement or research
    The tests found 788 dairy cows with residue violations in 2008, the most recent year for which data was available.
  15. preliminary
    preceding or in preparation for something more important
    But food safety advocates said that the F.D.A.’s preliminary findings raised issues about the possible overuse of antibiotics in livestock, which many fear could undermine the effectiveness of drugs to combat human illnesses.
  16. advocate
    a person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea
    But food safety advocates said that the F.D.A.’s preliminary findings raised issues about the possible overuse of antibiotics in livestock, which many fear could undermine the effectiveness of drugs to combat human illnesses.
  17. butter
    a solid yellow food made from cream
    One Northeast cooperative, Agri-Mark, sent a letter to its members last month instructing them to dump milk if it had been tested by the F.D.A. “Agri-Mark must ensure that all of our milk sales, cheese, butter and other products are in no danger of recall,” the letter said.
  18. Federal
    being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War
    Federal officials have discussed expanded testing for years.
  19. fierce
    marked by extreme and violent energy
    But the testing plan met with fierce protest from the dairy industry, which said that it could force farmers to needlessly dump millions of gallons of milk while they waited for test results.
  20. innocent
    free from sin
    “What has been served up, up to this point, by Food and Drug has been potentially very damaging to innocent dairy farmers,” said John J. Wilson, a senior vice president for Dairy Farmers of America, the nation’s largest dairy cooperative.
  21. protest
    a formal and solemn declaration of objection
    But the testing plan met with fierce protest from the dairy industry, which said that it could force farmers to needlessly dump millions of gallons of milk while they waited for test results.
  22. published
    prepared and printed for distribution and sale
    By WILLIAM NEUMAN
    Published: January 25, 2011
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Created on 一月 28, 2011

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