Genetics

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  1. allele
    any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus
    These different varieties of one specific gene are called alleles.
  2. homozygote
    (genetics) an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene and so breeding true for the particular characteristic
    If we call the alleles deciding the color of the pea flower for fr (red color) and fw (white color), an individual can have the following combinations: frfr = homozygote, fwfw = homozygote, frfw = heterozygote.
  3. haploid
    (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  4. pea plant
    a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  5. gamete
    a mature sexual reproductive cell
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  6. reduction division
    (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  7. heterozygote
    an organism that has two different forms of a particular gene
    If we call the alleles deciding the color of the pea flower for fr (red color) and fw (white color), an individual can have the following combinations: frfr = homozygote, fwfw = homozygote, frfw = heterozygote.
  8. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  9. germ cell
    a spermatozoon or an ovum
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  10. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  11. gene
    part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  12. hereditary
    occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  13. Mendel
    Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  14. pea
    a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  15. independently
    on your own; without outside help
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  16. split up
    separate into parts or portions
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  17. deciding
    the cognitive process of reaching a decision
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  18. in one case
    on one occasion
    In one case it gave white flowers, in another red.
  19. characteristic
    typical or distinctive
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  20. transmitted
    occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  21. homo
    any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  22. specific
    stated explicitly or in detail
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  23. color
    a visual attribute of things from the light they emit
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  24. germ
    a structure from which tissue can develop into an organism
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  25. combination
    the act of bringing things together to form a new whole
    At conception a new combination is created.
  26. pair
    a set of two similar things considered as a unit
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  27. transmit
    send from one person or place to another
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  28. flower
    reproductive organ of plants especially if showy or colorful
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  29. wrinkle
    a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  30. stem
    cylinder forming a long narrow part of something
    A pea plant can for instance have the alleles frfw color of the flower and slsk for long respectively short stem.
  31. wrinkled
    marked by wrinkles
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  32. controlling
    able to control or determine policy
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  33. different
    unlike in nature, quality, form, or degree
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  34. organism
    a living thing that can act or function independently
    Each organism has two alleles for each characteristic, one from each parent.
  35. respectively
    in the order given
    A pea plant can for instance have the alleles frfw color of the flower and slsk for long respectively short stem.
  36. create
    bring into existence
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  37. decide
    reach, make, or come to a conclusion about something
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  38. for instance
    as an example
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  39. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  40. identical
    being the exact same one
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  41. each
    separately for every person or thing
    Each organism has two alleles for each characteristic, one from each parent.
  42. reduction
    the act of decreasing something
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  43. generation
    group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  44. abstract
    existing only in the mind
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  45. studying
    reading carefully with intent to remember
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  46. seed
    small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  47. do by
    interact in a certain way
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  48. introduce
    bring something new to an environment
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  49. predict
    make a guess about what will happen in the future
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  50. Austrian
    a native or inhabitant of Austria
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  51. parent
    a father or mother
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  52. split
    separate into parts or portions
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  53. instance
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  54. factor
    anything that contributes causally to a result
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  55. monk
    a male member of a religious community living under vows
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  56. individual
    being or characteristic of a single thing or person
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  57. unit
    a single undivided whole
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  58. conception
    the creation of something in the mind
    At conception a new combination is created.
  59. plant
    a living organism without the power to move
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  60. version
    something a little different from others of the same type
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  61. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  62. study
    applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  63. red
    the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
    In one case it gave white flowers, in another red.
  64. smooth
    having a surface free from roughness or irregularities
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  65. following
    the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture
    If we call the alleles deciding the color of the pea flower for fr (red color) and fw (white color), an individual can have the following combinations: frfr = homozygote, fwfw = homozygote, frfw = heterozygote.
  66. applied
    concerned with concrete problems or data
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  67. species
    taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  68. specie
    coins collectively
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  69. variety
    a category of things distinguished by a common quality
    These different varieties of one specific gene are called alleles.
  70. either
    also, likewise, as well
    The germ cell will have either the allele fr or fw.
  71. famous
    widely known and esteemed
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  72. surface
    the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  73. same
    same in identity
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  74. often
    many times at short intervals
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  75. can
    airtight sealed metal container for food or drink, etc.
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  76. division
    the act of partitioning
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  77. apply
    employ for a particular purpose
    The same thing applied to the structure of the seed surface: some are wrinkled, others are smooth.
  78. existence
    the state or fact of being
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  79. white
    being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness
    In one case it gave white flowers, in another red.
  80. original
    preceding all others in time
    In every generation they are split up when the gametes are created during the reduction division (meiosis): each haploid germ cell has only one allele of the original pair.
  81. formed
    having or given a form or shape
    When the gametes are formed the alleles are transmitted for color, fr and fw, independently of the alleles for the length of the stem, sl and ss.
  82. Greek
    of or relating to or characteristic of Greece or the Greeks or the Greek language
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  83. various
    having great diversity or variety
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  84. contain
    hold or have within
    The gametes can then contain either of the following combinations: frsl, frss, fwsl or fwss.
  85. placed
    situated in a particular spot or position
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  86. follow
    travel behind, go after, or come after
    If we call the alleles deciding the color of the pea flower for fr (red color) and fw (white color), an individual can have the following combinations: frfr = homozygote, fwfw = homozygote, frfw = heterozygote.
  87. length
    the linear extent in space from one end to the other
    When the gametes are formed the alleles are transmitted for color, fr and fw, independently of the alleles for the length of the stem, sl and ss.
  88. control
    power to direct or determine
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  89. one
    smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
    In one case it gave white flowers, in another red.
  90. call
    utter a sudden loud cry
    These different varieties of one specific gene are called alleles.
  91. short
    having little length or lacking in length
    A pea plant can for instance have the alleles frfw color of the flower and slsk for long respectively short stem.
  92. within
    on the inside
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  93. known
    apprehended with certainty
    The existence of the genes was predicted in studying hereditary characteristic, like for instance the color of flowers, from known "parents" for many generations.
  94. used
    previously owned by another
    The word gene, first introduced in 1910, was used as an abstract hereditary unit controlling a specific hereditary characteristic within a specific species.
  95. other
    not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    The alleles for different hereditary characteristics is often transmitted to the gametes independently of each other, since the different genes often are placed on different chromosomes or far from each other on the same chromosome.
  96. case
    an occurrence of something
    In one case it gave white flowers, in another red.
  97. done
    having finished or arrived at completion
    The most famous studies were done by Mendel, an Austrian monk, on various characteristics of pea plants.
  98. then
    at that time
    Both the alleles in the pair can be identical, and the individual is then said to be homozygotic (Greek: homos=same, zygon=pair) for that pair of alleles.
  99. present
    happening or existing now
    The factor found deciding the color of flowers was present in different versions.
  100. form
    a perceptual structure
    When the gametes are formed the alleles are transmitted for color, fr and fw, independently of the alleles for the length of the stem, sl and ss.
Created on 三月 3, 2011

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