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Hands-Free Faucets May Spread More Germs Than Manual Taps

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  1. legionella
    the motile aerobic rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that thrives in central heating and air conditioning systems and can cause Legionnaires' disease
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  2. faucet
    a regulator for controlling the flow of a liquid
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  3. backflow
    a flow that returns toward its source
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  4. hospitalize
    admit into a hospital
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  5. restroom
    a toilet that is available to the public
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  6. pathogen
    any disease-producing agent
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  7. water faucet
    a faucet for drawing water from a pipe or cask
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  8. antibacterial
    destroying or inhibiting microscopic living organisms
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  9. phobic
    suffering from irrational fears
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  10. organ transplant
    an operation moving an organ from one organism to another
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  11. flush toilet
    a toilet that is cleaned of waste by the flow of water through it
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  12. bacterial
    relating to single-celled microorganisms
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  13. automatic
    operating with minimal human intervention
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  14. manual
    of or relating to the hands
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  15. electronic
    relating to or operating by a controlled current
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  16. activate
    put in motion
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  17. plumbing
    utility consisting of the pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas in a building and for the disposal of sewage
    Gregory Bova, senior engineer at the hospital, says it's the plumbing.
  18. bacteria
    single-celled organisms that can cause disease
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  19. activated
    rendered active
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  20. infectious disease
    a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  21. Hopkins
    United States financier and philanthropist who left money to found the university and hospital that bear his name in Baltimore (1795-1873)
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  22. bug
    general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  23. immune system
    the cells in the body that work together to fight disease
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  24. findings
    a collection of tools and other articles used by an artisan to make jewelry or clothing or shoes
    Still, in a hospital setting, the findings could be cause for alarm.
  25. plumb
    exactly vertical
    Gregory Bova, senior engineer at the hospital, says it's the plumbing.
  26. sample
    a small part intended as representative of the whole
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  27. hospital
    a medical institution where sick or injured people are given medical or surgical care
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  28. askance
    with suspicion or disapproval
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  29. cold water
    disparagement of a plan or hope or expectation
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  30. patient
    enduring trying circumstances with even temper
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  31. Johns Hopkins
    a university in Baltimore
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  32. taps
    (military) signal to turn the lights out
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  33. germ
    a structure from which tissue can develop into an organism
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  34. researcher
    a scientist devoted to systematic investigation
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  35. clinical
    relating to or based on direct observation of patients
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  36. infectious
    relating to the invasion of germs that cause disease
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  37. immune
    of the condition in which an organism can resist disease
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  38. Johns
    United States artist and proponent of pop art (born in 1930)
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  39. in public
    in a manner accessible to or observable by the public
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  40. locate
    determine the place of by searching or examining
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  41. straightforward
    pointed directly ahead
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  42. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  43. growth
    changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  44. transplant
    transfer from one place or period to another
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  45. filter
    device that removes something from what passes through it
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  46. start out
    take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  47. valve
    a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  48. take hold
    have or hold in one's hands or grip
    It turns out the faucets were never that idle, but that they were a fertile location for legionella to take hold.
  49. remove
    take something away as by lifting, pushing, or taking off
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  50. user
    someone who employs or takes advantage of something
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  51. flush
    rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  52. toilet
    a plumbing fixture for defecation and urination
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  53. infection
    the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  54. shun
    avoid and stay away from deliberately
    Still, the amount of bacterial growth the researchers found wasn't enough for them to shun electronic faucets in public restrooms: in the public, non-patient care areas of the hospital, Sydnor and Bova say they're keeping the automatic model.
  55. water
    compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear liquid
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  56. investigator
    someone who inquires carefully
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  57. tested
    tested and proved to be reliable
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  58. expose
    make visible or apparent
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  59. turn out
    be shown or be found to be
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  60. campus
    a field on which the buildings of a university are situated
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  61. Gregory
    the pope who sponsored the introduction of the modern calendar (1572-1585)
    Gregory Bova, senior engineer at the hospital, says it's the plumbing.
  62. located
    situated in a particular spot or position
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  63. fertile
    capable of reproducing
    It turns out the faucets were never that idle, but that they were a fertile location for legionella to take hold.
  64. model
    a representation of something, often on a smaller scale
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  65. location
    the act of putting something in a certain place
    It turns out the faucets were never that idle, but that they were a fertile location for legionella to take hold.
  66. pipe
    a hollow cylindrical shape
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  67. free
    able to act at will
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  68. rooms
    apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  69. soap
    a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  70. causing
    the act of causing something to happen
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  71. feeding
    the act of consuming food
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  72. relatively
    by comparison to something else
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  73. turn in
    to surrender someone or something to another
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  74. pose
    assume a bearing as for artistic purposes
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  75. fewer
    quantifier meaning a smaller number of
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  76. old-fashioned
    out of fashion
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  77. strategy
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  78. potential
    existing in possibility
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  79. disease
    an impairment of health
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  80. finding
    something that is discovered
    Still, in a hospital setting, the findings could be cause for alarm.
  81. area
    the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  82. cancer
    a malignant growth caused by uncontrolled cell division
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  83. study
    applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  84. undergo
    pass through
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  85. compromise
    an accommodation in which both sides make concessions
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  86. john
    a room or building equipped with one or more toilets
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  87. tap
    strike lightly
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  88. hands
    guardianship over
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  89. acknowledge
    declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
    Sydnor and Bova both acknowledge that the results surprised them.
  90. reduce
    make smaller
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  91. machinery
    mechanical or electrical devices collectively
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  92. complex
    complicated in structure
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  93. fashioned
    planned and made or fashioned artistically
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  94. determine
    find out or learn with certainty, as by making an inquiry
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  95. healthy
    free from infirmity or disease
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  96. harbor
    a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo
    Yes, the automatic faucets harbored more bugs than the manual ones, but that doesn't mean they'd make you sick.
  97. in case
    if there happens to be need
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  98. existing
    having being or actuality
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  99. positive
    characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  100. hot
    having a high or higher than desirable temperature
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  101. idle
    not in action or at work
    It turns out the faucets were never that idle, but that they were a fertile location for legionella to take hold.
  102. start
    take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  103. public
    not private
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  104. nest
    a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  105. senior
    advanced in years
    Gregory Bova, senior engineer at the hospital, says it's the plumbing.
  106. engineer
    a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve problems
    Gregory Bova, senior engineer at the hospital, says it's the plumbing.
  107. organ
    a structure in an animal specialized for some function
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  108. in order
    in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  109. screen
    partition consisting of a decorative frame or panel that serves to divide a space
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  110. contact
    the act of touching physically
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  111. designed
    done or made or performed with purpose and intent
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  112. building
    the act of constructing something
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  113. construction
    the act of building something
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  114. decide
    reach, make, or come to a conclusion about something
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  115. recall
    bring to mind
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  116. hand
    the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  117. cold
    having a low or inadequate temperature
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  118. colony
    a group of organisms of the same type living together
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  119. all over
    over the entire area
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  120. setting
    the physical position of something
    Still, in a hospital setting, the findings could be cause for alarm.
  121. More
    English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state
    More ways to get Healthland

  122. friendly
    characteristic of or befitting an ally
    Why are the automatic faucets so bug-friendly?
  123. non
    negation of a word or group of words
    Still, the amount of bacterial growth the researchers found wasn't enough for them to shun electronic faucets in public restrooms: in the public, non-patient care areas of the hospital, Sydnor and Bova say they're keeping the automatic model.
  124. provide
    give something useful or necessary to
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  125. based
    having a base
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  126. treated
    subjected to a physical treatment or action or agent
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  127. order
    logical arrangement of different elements
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  128. removed
    separate or apart in time, space, or character
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  129. cause
    events that provide the generative force of something
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  130. surprised
    taken unawares and feeling wonder or astonishment
    Sydnor and Bova both acknowledge that the results surprised them.
  131. care
    providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  132. reported
    made known or told about
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  133. go back
    return in thought or speech to something
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  134. build
    make by combining materials and parts
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  135. risk
    a source of danger
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  136. alarm
    a device signaling the occurrence of some undesirable event
    Still, in a hospital setting, the findings could be cause for alarm.
  137. flow
    move along, of liquids
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  138. keeping
    the act of retaining something
    Still, the amount of bacterial growth the researchers found wasn't enough for them to shun electronic faucets in public restrooms: in the public, non-patient care areas of the hospital, Sydnor and Bova say they're keeping the automatic model.
  139. sick
    affected by impairment of normal physical or mental function
    Yes, the automatic faucets harbored more bugs than the manual ones, but that doesn't mean they'd make you sick.
  140. type
    a subdivision of a particular kind of thing
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  141. feed
    provide as food
    While the plumbing for manual faucets is relatively straightforward, with a pipe each for hot and cold water feeding into the faucet, hands-free models are more complex.
  142. often
    many times at short intervals
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  143. turn
    move around an axis or a center
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  144. fighting
    the act of fighting; any contest or struggle
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  145. opening
    an open or empty space in or between things
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  146. actually
    in fact
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  147. more
    greater in size or amount or extent or degree
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  148. 100
    ten 10s
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  149. program
    a series of steps to be carried out
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  150. rather
    more readily or willingly
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  151. test
    standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or aptitude
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  152. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  153. surprise
    come upon or take unawares
    Sydnor and Bova both acknowledge that the results surprised them.
  154. safe
    free from danger or the risk of harm
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  155. supposed
    required or under orders
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  156. ways
    structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired
    More ways to get Healthland

  157. in fact
    in reality or actuality
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  158. decided
    recognizable; marked
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  159. fashion
    the latest and most admired style in clothes or behavior
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  160. amount
    how much there is of something that you can quantify
    Still, the amount of bacterial growth the researchers found wasn't enough for them to shun electronic faucets in public restrooms: in the public, non-patient care areas of the hospital, Sydnor and Bova say they're keeping the automatic model.
  161. health
    the general condition of body and mind
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  162. enough
    sufficient for the purpose
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
  163. treat
    apply a process to with the aim of preparing for a purpose
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  164. individual
    being or characteristic of a single thing or person
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  165. likely
    having a good chance of being the case or of coming about
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  166. perfect
    being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  167. prevent
    keep from happening or arising; make impossible
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  168. design
    the act of working out the form of something
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  169. why
    the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase `the whys and wherefores'
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  170. exist
    have a presence
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  171. base
    lowest support of a structure
    "And the order for 1,000 to 1,100 electronic faucets for clinical and patient care areas in the new building was recalled based on these findings."
  172. various
    having great diversity or variety
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  173. expected
    considered likely or probable to happen or arrive
    They never expected that the hands-free faucets would contain more bacteria than the manual ones.
  174. room
    an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  175. conduct
    the way a person behaves toward other people
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  176. out
    moving or appearing to move away from a place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  177. wrong
    not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  178. contain
    hold or have within
    They never expected that the hands-free faucets would contain more bacteria than the manual ones.
  179. official
    of or relating to a place of business
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  180. suppose
    expect or believe
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  181. society
    an extended group having a distinctive cultural organization
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  182. new
    not of long duration
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  183. found
    set up
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  184. kind of
    to some (great or small) extent
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  185. system
    a group of independent elements comprising a unified whole
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  186. self
    your consciousness of your own identity
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  187. eye
    the organ of sight
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  188. at all
    in the slightest degree or in any respect
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  189. still
    not in physical motion
    Still, in a hospital setting, the findings could be cause for alarm.
  190. while
    a period of indeterminate length marked by some action
    About 50% of the water samples from the electronic faucets tested positive for legionella and other bacteria, while only 15% of the samples from the manual faucets did.
  191. at least
    not less than
    But it turns out that at least one pathogen-fighting strategy may actually be exposing us to more germs, rather than fewer.
  192. play
    engage in recreational activities rather than work
    That's why Hopkins officials decided to play it safe and go back to manual faucets in a new building under construction on campus that would include patient rooms.
  193. different
    unlike in nature, quality, form, or degree
    Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted an eye-opening study on the bacterial growth within two different kinds of taps — hands-free, automatic faucets activated by an electronic eye, and the old-fashioned manual type that users have to turn in order to start the flow of water.
  194. being
    the state or fact of existing
    That's because hospitalized patients are more likely to have compromised immune systems, whether they are being treated for cancer or undergoing an organ transplant.
  195. result
    something that follows as a consequence
    Sydnor and Bova both acknowledge that the results surprised them.
  196. fellow
    a boy or man
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  197. report
    to give an account or representation of in words
    The water samples were taken from faucets located all over the hospital, including patient rooms, and no patients reported infections from the water.
  198. never
    not ever; at no time in the past or future
    They never expected that the hands-free faucets would contain more bacteria than the manual ones.
  199. as well
    in addition
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  200. expect
    regard something as probable or likely
    They never expected that the hands-free faucets would contain more bacteria than the manual ones.
  201. all
    entirely or completely
    We've become a rather germ-phobic society, what with our antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, automatic water faucets and self-flushing toilets — all of which are supposed to reduce our contact with potential disease-causing bugs.
  202. note
    a brief written record
    But before you start looking askance at all the hands-free faucets in public restrooms, the study's co-investigator, Dr. Emily Sydnor, a fellow in infectious diseases at Hopkins, notes that the growths she found would not pose a health risk for most healthy individuals.
  203. plan
    a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be achieved
    "The electronic faucets are in the process of being removed and the plan is to remove them from the existing hospital as well," says Sydnor.
  204. grind
    reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading
    They include various valves, screens and filters designed to prevent backflow of hot or cold water to the wrong pipe, and all that machinery provides the perfect nesting ground for bacteria and other pathogens.
  205. way
    how something is done or how it happens
    In fact, their study started out as a way to determine how often they should program the automatic faucets to run in order to flush out colonies in case they weren't used often enough.
Created on 四月 3, 2011

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