Mr. Landry's Tough Math Word List and I Mean Tough for Me

Today we know that a single gene consists of a unique sequence of DNA that provides the complete instructions to make a functional product, called a protein.

In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei correlated the first codon (UUU) with the amino acid phenylalanine.

There are alpha and beta thalassemias, defined by the defective gene, and there are variations of each of these, depending on whether the embryonic, fetal, or adult forms are affected and/or expressed.

The independent aerobic function of these organelles is thought to have evolved from bacteria that lived inside of other simple organisms in a mutually beneficial, or symbiotic, relationship, providing them with aerobic capacity.

Nearly 50 years earlier, Gregor Mendel had characterized hereditary units as factors- observable differences that were passed from parent to offspring.

The Core Gene Sequence: Introns and Exons

Genes make up about 1 percent of the total DNA in our genome.

In the absence of a complete mRNA sequence, the boundaries can be estimated by ever-improving, but still inexact, gene prediction software.