Ms. Shea's Tough Science Words for Me

Heidi J. (United States of America)
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  1. recessive allele
    an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
    On the other hand, a recessive allele will be expressed only if there are two identical copies of that allele, or for a male, if one copy is present on the X chromosome.
  2. dominant allele
    an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
    The Nature of Alleles

    A dominant allele is an allele that is almost always expressed, even if only one copy is present.
  3. mitochondrion
    part of a cell involved in energy production
    Both plants and animals have an organelle-a "little organ" within the cell- called the mitochondrion.
  4. eukaryote
    an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  5. allele
    any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus
    Methylation also plays an important role in genomic imprinting, which occurs when both maternal and paternal alleles are present but only one allele is expressed while the other remains inactive.
  6. codon
    a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid
    Here the mRNA is translated into protein by decoding the mRNA sequence in blocks of three RNA bases, called codons, where each codon specifies a particular amino acid.
  7. globin
    a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells
    The Globin Genes: An Example of Transcriptional Regulation

    An example of transcriptional control occurs in the family of genes responsible for the production of globin.
Created on 七月 1, 2011

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